The religious beliefs of Addis Ababa. 0-14 years: 38.91% (male 22,821,026/female 22,498,331)15-64 years: 57.55% (male 33,345,764/female 33,672,933)65 years and over: 3.54% (2023 est.) ), improved: urban: 98.5% of populationrural: 70.2% of populationtotal: 76.4% of populationunimproved: urban: 1.5% of populationrural: 29.8% of populationtotal: 23.6% of population (2020 est. [citation needed] The numerous indigenous African religions in Ethiopia operate mainly in the far southwest and western borderlands. 2.6% of the population (mainly in the far south and southwest) follow traditional religions; other religions (the Bah Faith, Judaism, etc.) Some adherents of the Bah Faith likewise exist in a number of urban and rural areas. [ONLINE] Available at: Hassan, Gamal (2008). Islam first arrived in Ethiopia in 614 with the First Migration to Abyssinia. ), production: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. Religions: Ethiopian Orthodox 43.8%, Muslim 31.3%, Protestant 22.8%, Catholic 0.7%, traditional 0.6%, other 0.8% (2016 est.) )investment in inventories: -0.1% (2017 est. Tigrayans make up about 7 percent of Ethiopia's population compared with the two largest ethnic groups, the Oromo and the Amhara, which make up over 60 percent. Of the 61.6 %, 50.6 % are from the Ethiopian Orthodox Christians. )imports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. 103 Seid, Tafesse, and Ali., Ethiopia Agrarian Economy. ), maize, cereals, wheat, sorghum, milk, barley, sweet potatoes, roots/tubers nes, sugar cane, millet, food processing, beverages, textiles, leather, garments, chemicals, metals processing, cement, agriculture: 72.7%industry: 7.4%services: 19.9% (2013 est. xkSH{_[u[TBZlU],/&Bfu vv eezrm^x?jS~EzGeE_HRx 7 8py,.U^y7 B}$cGAJ_qt$8^{)1A_!Bxt [30] Haile Selassie actually came to power during the rise of opposition to Muslims in government positions. 1962 - Haile Selassie annexes Eritrea, which becomes . [6] Islam is the second most followed religion, with 33.9% of the population being adherents. )exports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. ), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 51.8%male: 57.2%female: 44.4% (2017), total: 9 yearsmale: 8 yearsfemale: 8 years (2012), total: 5.7%male: 4.4%female: 7.2% (2021 est. [9] The rise of Islamic extremists account for much of the violent persecution in Ethiopia. The Bah Faith in Ethiopia begins after `Abdu'l-Bah wrote letters encouraging taking the religion to Africa in 1916. )industrial: 51.1 million cubic meters (2017 est. ), total: 32.44 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 37.13 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 27.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2023 est. Overview. )crude oil estimated reserves: 400,000 barrels (2021 est. Today, fifty-nine percent of Ethiopians are Christian (42 percent Orthodox and 27 percent evangelical). Meanwhile Sunni Muslims, who represent Learn about the Somali in Ethiopia people group. The majority of the remaining 11% come from the next ten countries: Italy, 2.2 million. After this, Operation Moses and Operation Solomon, conducted in 1984 and 1991, respectively, airlifted the vast majority of the Ethiopian Jewish population to Israel, where there is currently a population of 150,000 Beta Israel. The data were entered using Epi info version 7.0 and analyzed using SPSS version 25. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [3], Ethiopia is the spiritual homeland of the Rastafari movement, whose adherents believe Ethiopia is Zion. Ethiopias rapid population growth is putting increasing pressure on land resources, expanding environmental degradation, and raising vulnerability to food shortages. ), fresh water lake(s): Lake Tana - 3,600 sq km; Abaya Hayk - 1,160 sq km; Ch'amo Hayk - 550 sq kmsalt water lake(s): Lake Turkana (shared with Kenya) - 6,400 sq km; Abhe Bid Hayk/Abhe Bad (shared with Djibouti) - 780 sq km;, Blue Nile river source (shared with Sudan [m]) - 1,600 kmnote [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth, Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Mediterranean Sea) Nile (3,254,853 sq km), Ogaden-Juba Basin, Sudd Basin (Umm Ruwaba Aquifer), highest density is found in the highlands of the north and middle areas of the country, particularly around the centrally located capital city of Addis Ababa; the far east and southeast are sparsely populated as shown in this population distribution map, geologically active Great Rift Valley susceptible to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions; frequent droughts, volcanism: volcanic activity in the Great Rift Valley; Erta Ale (613 m), which has caused frequent lava flows in recent years, is the country's most active volcano; Dabbahu became active in 2005, forcing evacuations; other historically active volcanoes include Alayta, Dalaffilla, Dallol, Dama Ali, Fentale, Kone, Manda Hararo, and Manda-Inakir, note 1: landlocked - entire coastline along the Red Sea was lost with the de jure independence of Eritrea on 24 May 1993; Ethiopia is, therefore, the most populous landlocked country in the world; the Blue Nile, the chief headstream of the Nile by water volume, rises in T'ana Hayk (Lake Tana) in northwest Ethiopianote 2: three major crops may have originated in Ethiopia: coffee (almost certainly), grain sorghum, and castor bean, Oromo 35.8%, Amhara 24.1%, Somali 7.2%, Tigray 5.7%, Sidama 4.1%, Guragie 2.6%, Welaita 2.3%, Afar 2.2%, Silte 1.3%, Kefficho 1.2%, other 13.5% (2022 est.). Goals include promoting rapid economic growth and improving service delivery. A small Jewish community still exists in Ethiopia, although it is mostly composed of Falash Mura, Ethiopian Jews who converted to Christianity in the past, and as such have not been recognized as Jews by the State of Israel, but have returned to Judaism (the Falash Mura now number some 22,000). According to 2016 U.S. government estimates, 44 percent of the population adheres to the EOTC, 31 percent are Sunni Muslim, and 23 percent belong to evangelical Christian and Pentecostal groups, including the Seventh-day Adventist Church, Ethiopian Kale Heywet Church, and Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus. You can browse files by category or alphabetically, view the newest additions, most popular files, or search for a file. The church has long enjoyed a dominant role in the culture and politics of Ethiopia, having served as the official religion of the ruling elite until the demise of the monarchy in 1974. Powered by a $48 million partnership, the two organizations and several other consortium partners will leverage their combined experience and expertise to co-create and replicate Gebeya's . )15.81% (2019 est.). Mazaa (a pseudonym), a 44-year-old who runs a K-8 school with her husband outside of Addis Ababa, has tried to share her concerns about the grave suffering of Tigrayans with fellow evangelicals. )imports of goods and services: -31.2% (2017 est. . Christianity was introduced to Ethiopia in the 4th century, and the Ethiopian Orthodox Church (called Tewahdo in Ethiopia) is one of the oldest organized Christian bodies in the world. ), lowest 10%: 4.1%highest 10%: 25.6% (2005), revenues: $11.24 billion (2017 est. ), production: 0 metric tons (2020 est. Population Projection Wereda as of July 2021. Education Statistics 2006. While the UN's 2021 revision is also now . In Ethiopia, it is customary for large crowds to gather on the last week of November at the country's holiest site, the Church of St Mary of Zion in Axum.Every year, followers of the ancient Ethiopian Orthodox faith, who constitute roughly 60% of the population, join each other to celebrate the presence of the Ark of the Covenant in what is one of Ethiopia's most important religious . )$26.269 billion (2018 est. Profiles include statistics, text, photo, map, progress indicator and language resources. )exports of goods and services: 8.1% (2017 est. As of 1 January 2023, the population of Ethiopia was estimated to be 122,365,736 people. endobj . [21] A year later, in November 1934, the first Bah Local Spiritual Assembly in the country was formed in Addis Ababa. ), electrification - total population: 47% (2019)electrification - urban areas: 96% (2019)electrification - rural areas: 34% (2019), installed generating capacity: 4.856 million kW (2020 est. Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic. (Oromo) (Amharic)The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. While many Ethiopians claim that the Bible references of Kush apply to their own ancient civilization, pointing out that the Gihon river, a name for the Nile, is said to flow through the land, some scholars believe that the use of the term referred to the Kingdom of Kush in particular, or Africa outside of Egypt in general. Their religion became synchronized . )exports: 1 billion kWh (2019 est. Unique among African countries, the ancient Ethiopian monarchy maintained its freedom from colonial rule with the exception of a short-lived Italian occupation from 1936 to 1941. 106 CMT MW 17 December 2014. ), -0.19 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est. The Waaq religion is a traditional, monotheistic faith followed mainly by the Cushitic ethnic group in the far eastern . [17] The writers of Ethiopia: a country study claimed that Islam made up 50% of the total population in 1991 based on the 1984 census commissioned by the Derg regime. Here are the largest religions in Ethiopia 2020 )wine: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. The modern name Ethiopia is from the Greek term Aethiopia used to translate Kush, and was applied to all of Sub-Saharan Africa, including what is now Sudan, but with a few classical geographers giving more detailed descriptions of present-day Ethiopia and Eritrea (e.g. ), total subscriptions: 44.5 million (2020 est. ), China 17%, United States 16%, United Arab Emirates 8%, Saudi Arabia 6%, South Korea 5%, Germany 5% (2019), coffee, sesame seeds, gold, cut flowers, zinc (2019), $20.859 billion (2021 est.) 1,822 Views 1 CrossRef citations to date 0. . )34.927 (2020 est. W. hen two men were shot dead by police on the night of 5 February in downtown Addis Ababa amidst confrontations triggered by the construction of a church that the authorities claimed was without proper permits, many Orthodox Christians in Ethiopia saw the incident as a continuation of a growing number of attacks against their religion over the past two years. Meanwhile, there has been a sharp increase in the percentage of Americans with no religion, which was less than 5% from through the early 1970s, rose to 10% by 2002 and was 21% in 2021. [19] They became known to the West during the 19th and 20th centuries, and were accepted as Jews by the Israeli government in 1975. note: data are in current year dollars$17.17 billion (2020 est. An ethnic Amhara group has a separate list of almost 2,000 but experts say that's just a small fraction of the real toll. The regions of Ethiopia as well as all cities and towns with more than 20,000 inhabitants. Religions: Ethiopian Orthodox 43.5%, Muslim 33.9%, Protestant 18.5%, traditional 2.7%, Catholic 0.7%, other 0.6% (2007 est.) March 5, 2021 12:12 PM ET. )crude oil and lease condensate imports: 0 bbl/day (2018 est. The Rastafari view Emperor Haile Selassie as Jesus, the human incarnation of God. Poverty, drought, political repression, and forced government resettlement have driven Ethiopias internal and external migration since the 1960s. With more than 40 percent of . Ethiopia aims to reach lower-middle-income status by 2025. The Emperor himself was the defender of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, that also has a concept of Zion, although it represents a unique and complex concept, referring figuratively to St. Mary, but also to Ethiopia as a bastion of Christianity surrounded by Muslims and other religions, much like Mount Zion in the Bible[citation needed]. Ethiopian Orthodox 43.8%, Muslim 31.3%, Protestant 22.8%, Catholic 0.7%, traditional 0.6%, other 0.8% (2016 est.) Since the 18th century there has existed a relatively small (uniate) Ethiopian Catholic Church in full communion with Rome, with adherents making up less than 1% of the total population.[3]. )agricultural: 9.687 billion cubic meters (2017 est. )from consumed natural gas: 0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. [7], According to the government's 1994 census (which the CIA World Factbook follows), 61.6% of the Ethiopian population was Christian: 50.6% of the total were Ethiopian Orthodox, 10.1% were various Protestant denominations (such as P'ent'ay and the Lutheran Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus), and Roman Catholics constituted 0.9% of the population). Zara. In this video made by the channel "Statistics and Data" you can see the evolution of the data from 1945 to 2020. ), women married by age 15: 14.1%women married by age 18: 40.3%men married by age 18: 5% (2016 est. [11], The Kingdom of Aksum was one of the first nations to officially accept Christianity, when St. Frumentius of Tyre, called Fremnatos or Abba Selama ("Father of Peace") in Ethiopia, converted King Ezana during the 4th century AD. According to a survey conducted by statista, 98% of Ethiopian people consider religion to be an important aspect of their lives.. The most recent census, conducted in 2007, estimated 44 percent of the population adheres to the EOTC, 34 percent are Sunni Muslim, and 19 percent belong to Christian evangelical and Pentecostal groups. The 2019 population density in Ethiopia is 112 people per Km 2 (290 people per mi 2 ), calculated on a total land area of 1,000,000 Km2 (386,102 sq. ), widespread lack of access: due to conflict in Tigray Region, drought conditions in southeastern areas, high food prices - The difficult and worsening food security situation is the result of multiple shocks affecting food availability and access including: the conflict in northern Tigray Region and in adjacent areas of Amhara and Afar regions, which began in November 2020; in Tigray region alone, 5.3 million people are estimated to be severely food insecure; the failure of the MarchMay 2022 GuGenna rains in southern pastoral areas of southern Oromiya Region and southern Somali Region, exacerbated drought conditions prevailing since late 2020, causing severe crop and livestock losses; severe macroeconomic challenges including insufficient foreign currency reserves and the continuous depreciation of the national currency, as a result, inflation is at very high levels, with the yearonyear food inflation rate estimated at 35.5 percent in July, one the highest of the last decade; these difficulties are exacerbated by the ripple effects of the Ukraine war, which triggered hikes in international prices of wheat, fuel and fertilizers (2022), municipal solid waste generated annually: 6,532,787 tons (2015 est. Most observers believe the evangelical and Pentecostal proportion of the population has increased since the census was conducted. )$264.059 billion (2020 est. Once the Prosperity Party was created, the various ethnically-based parties that comprised or were affiliated with the EPRDF were subsequently disbanded; in January 2021, the Ethiopian electoral board de-registered the Tigray Peoples Liberation Front or TPLF; national level parties are qualified to register candidates in multiple regions across Ethiopia; regional parties can register candidates for both national and regional parliaments, but only in one region of Ethiopia, ACP, AfDB, ATMIS, AU, COMESA, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer), chief of mission: Ambassador SELESHI Bekele Awulachew (since 7 June 2022)chancery: 3506 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008telephone: [1] (202) 364-1200FAX: [1] (202) 587-0195email address and website: ethiopia@ethiopianembassy.orghttps://ethiopianembassy.org/consulate(s) general: Los Angelesconsulate(s): New York, chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Ambassador Tracey Ann JACOBSON (since 25 February 2022)embassy: Entoto Street, P.O. 126.53/km (93rd) Land Area. <> Below are key statistics from WHO's Global Health Observatory. [12] Some Israeli and Jewish scholars consider these Ethiopian Jews as a historical Lost Tribe of Israel (SOURCE NEEDED). )consumption: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. Box 1014, Addis Ababamailing address: 2030 Addis Ababa Place, Washington DC 20521-2030telephone: [251] 111-30-60-00FAX: [251] 111-24-24-01email address and website: AddisACS@state.govhttps://et.usembassy.gov/, three equal horizontal bands of green (top), yellow, and red, with a yellow pentagram and single yellow rays emanating from the angles between the points on a light blue disk centered on the three bands; green represents hope and the fertility of the land, yellow symbolizes justice and harmony, while red stands for sacrifice and heroism in the defense of the land; the blue of the disk symbolizes peace and the pentagram represents the unity and equality of the nationalities and peoples of Ethiopianote: Ethiopia is the oldest independent country in Africa, and the three main colors of her flag (adopted ca. Typically, persecution varies depending upon where one lives. In December 2019 several mosques and Muslim owned businesses were attacked in the Christian dominated Amhara Region. The number of Muslims in Ethiopia rose from 17.4 million in 1994 to 25 million in 2007. More than a decade of a tense "no peace, no war" stalemate ended in 2018 after the newly elected Ethiopian prime minister accepted . [31] U.S ambassador David H. Shinn stated in 2005 that the Ethiopian leadership continued to be largely Christian. 2007 census, 2022 projection. Africa; Americas; . A two-and-a-half-year border war with Ethiopia that erupted in 1998 ended under UN auspices in December 2000. The most recent general statistical information about religious groups. 1.58%. . The core characteristics and beliefs of the world's major religions are described below. The Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia (CSA) is responsible for the statistical data generation related to the socio-economic condition of the country. . Many believe that the Gospel had entered Ethiopia even earlier, with the royal official described as being baptised by Philip the Evangelist in chapter eight of the Acts of the Apostles (Acts 8:2639). Morgan Lee | March 3, 2021 . Ethiopia is one of the oldest Christian states in the world. Ethiopia's rapid population growth is putting increasing pressure on land resources, expanding environmental degradation, and raising vulnerability to food shortages. In 1974, a military junta, the Derg, deposed Emperor Haile SELASSIE (who had ruled since 1930) and established a socialist state. In Nigeria, the population in 1900 included 4.2 million Muslims and 180,000 Christians. When you overlook religion in Ethiopia . )permanent pasture: 20% (2018 est. Date of Issue: 25.10.2021. Since the defeat of the Derg in 1991, Ethiopians have migrated to escape violence among some of the countrys myriad ethnic groups or to pursue economic opportunities. WHO Regional websites. The Danish Refugee Council (DRC), an international non-governmental organization (NGO), has been providing relief and development services in the Horn of Africa . ), general assessment: has been one of the last in Africa to allow its national telco a monopoly on all telecom services including fixed, mobile, internet and data communications; this has stifled innovation, restricted network expansion, and limited the scope of services on offer; the World Bank in early 2021 provided a $200 million loan to help develop the countrys digital transformation, while the government has embarked on its 2020-2030 program as well as its Digital Ethiopia 2025 strategy, both aimed at making better use of digital technologies to promote socioeconomic development (2021)domestic: fixed-line subscriptions at about 1 per 100 while mobile-cellular stands at a little over 39 per 100; the number of mobile telephones is increasing steadily (2020)international: country code - 251; open-wire to Sudan and Djibouti; microwave radio relay to Kenya and Djibouti; 2 domestic satellites provide the national trunk service; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Pacific Ocean) (2016)note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services, 6 public TV stations broadcasting nationally and 10 public radio broadcasters; 7 private radio stations and 19 community radio stations (2017), total: 27,591,260 (2020 est. %PDF-1.7 ), -$4.507 billion (2021 est. In the early fourteenth century Emperor Amda Seyon launched a crusade against the neighboring Muslim state of Ifat Sultanate, several mosques were demolished. )imports: 528,000 metric tons (2020 est. It is a crime in Ethiopia to incite one religion against another. Kazakhstan, 4.5 million. This activity is expected to be a five-year program in the $10-25M range. ), number of registered air carriers: 1 (2020)inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 75annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 11,501,244 (2018)annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 2,089,280,000 (2018) mt-km, total: 17over 3,047 m: 32,438 to 3,047 m: 81,524 to 2,437 m: 4under 914 m: 2 (2021), total: 402,438 to 3,047 m: 31,524 to 2,437 m: 9914 to 1,523 m: 20under 914 m: 8 (2021), total: 659 km (2017) (Ethiopian segment of the 756 km Addis Ababa-Djibouti railroad)standard gauge: 659 km (2017) 1.435-m gaugenote: electric railway with redundant power supplies; under joint control of Djibouti and Ethiopia and managed by a Chinese contractor, total: 11by type: general cargo 9, oil tanker 2 (2020), Ethiopia is landlocked and uses the ports of Djibouti in Djibouti and Berbera in Somalia, Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF): Ground Forces, Ethiopian Air Force (Ye Ityopya Ayer Hayl, ETAF); Ministry of Peace: Ethiopian Federal Police (EFP) (2022)note 1: in 2020 the Ethiopian Government announced it had re-established a navy, which had been disbanded in 1996; in March 2019, Ethiopia signed a defense cooperation agreement with France which stipulated that France would support the establishment of an Ethiopian navy, which would reportedly be based out of Djiboutinote 2: in 2018, Ethiopia established a Republican Guard military unit responsible to the Prime Minister for protecting senior officialsnote 3: each of the states have regional and/or a "special" paramilitary security and police forces that report to regional civilian authorities and operate separately from federal forces; local militias operate across the country in loose and varying coordination with these regional security and police forces, the ENDF, and the EFP; there have been some calls for these regional paramilitary forces to be incorporated into the ENDF and EFP, 0.5% of GDP (2021 est. Moldova, 3.7 million. total: 1,104,300 sq kmland: 1,096,570 sq kmwater: 7,730 sq kmnote: area numbers are approximate since a large portion of the Ethiopia-Somalia border is undefined, slightly less than twice the size of Texas, total: 5,925 kmborder countries (6): Djibouti 342 km; Eritrea 1,033 km; Kenya 867 km; Somalia 1,640 km; South Sudan 1,299 km; Sudan 744 km, tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation, high plateau with central mountain range divided by Great Rift Valley, highest point: Ras Dejen 4,550 mlowest point: Danakil Depression -125 mmean elevation: 1,330 m, small reserves of gold, platinum, copper, potash, natural gas, hydropower, agricultural land: 36.3% (2018 est. )tide and wave: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. (approximately $950 million)0.7% of GDP (2017 est.) . gle religious denomination (44 percent), is particularly dominant in the Tigray and Amhara regions and in some parts of Oromia. [33] There is some tension between members of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church and Protestant Christians, as well as between the Ethiopian Orthodox and Muslims in general. )expenditures: $13.79 billion (2017 est. [17] Some web columnist even say the Muslim population are the majority and disagree with the current Ethiopian governments claims.[18]. The Ethiopian Orthodox Church is an Oriental Orthodox Church, which is the largest Christian denomination in Ethiopia. The name "Ethiopia" (Hebrew Kush) is mentioned in the Bible numerous times (thirty-seven times in the King James version). Islam is the second-largest religion in Ethiopia behind Christianity, with 31.3 to 35.9 percent of the total population of around 113.5 million people professing the religion as of 2022. )$2,300 (2020 est. Religion Volume 51, 2021 - Issue 3. F/qq4 *p0I6La~^}(5&_ILN]k-6u}yy}n41y.uTnxBRj"i@E`T|X4x+rd%Ru/dC$ )jFn(('5]Oe2HBF&\H-)(q*pJA}d7Jo. (approximately $930 million), information varies; prior to the 2020-2022 Tigray conflict, approximately 150,000 active-duty troops, including about 3,000 Air Force personnel (no personnel numbers available for the re-established Navy) (2022), the ENDF's inventory is comprised mostly of Russian and Soviet-era equipment; in recent years, the ENDF has received arms from a variety of countries, including China, Israel, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine, and the United Arab Emirates; Ethiopia has a modest industrial defense base centered on small arms and production of armored vehicles (2023), 18-22 years of age for voluntary military service (although the military may, when necessary, recruit a person more than 22 years old); no compulsory military service, but the military can conduct callups when necessary and compliance is compulsory (2022)note: in November 2021, the Ethiopian Government issued a nationwide state of emergency that enabled officials to order military-age citizens to undergo training and accept military duty in support of the Tigray conflict; the order also recalled retired military officers to active duty, 5-10,000 Somalia (4,500 for ATMIS; the remainder under a bilateral agreement with Somalia; note - bilateral figures are prior to the conflict with Tigray); 250 Sudan (UNISFA); 1,475 South Sudan (UNMISS) (2022), the ENDF is one of sub-Saharan Africas largest, most experienced, and best equipped militaries; the Ground Forces are estimated to have more than 20 infantry divisions, including several that are mechanized, along with at least 1 division of commandos/special forces; the Air Force has combat squadrons of multipurpose fighter aircraft, attack helicopters, and armed unmanned aerial vehicles; ENDF operations are often supported by sizeable regional state paramilitary unitsthe ENDF is focused on both external threats emanating from its neighbors and against multiple internal armed groups; since 1998, the ENDF has engaged in several conventional and counterinsurgency operations, including border wars with Eritrea (1998-2000) and Somalia (2006-2008) and internal conflicts with the Tigray regional state (2020-2022), several insurgent groups and ethnic militias (aka Fano), and the al-Shabaab terrorist group; the ENDF is currently conducting counterinsurgency operations against anti-government militants in several states, including in Oromya (Oromia) against the Oromo Liberation Army (OLA; aka Shene), an insurgent group that claims to be fighting for greater autonomy for the Oromo, Ethiopia's largest ethnic group; in 2022, militants from the Somalia-based al-Shabaab terrorist group launched an incursion into Ethiopia's Somali (Sumale) region, attacking villages and security forces; the Ethiopian Government claimed that regional security forces killed hundreds of Shabaab fighters and subsequently deployed additional ENDF troops into Somalias Gedo region to prevent further incursionsfrom November of 2020 until a cease-fire was negotiated in November 2022, the Government of Ethiopia (GoE) engaged in a military conflict with the Tigray Peoples Liberation Front (TPLF), the former governing party of the Tigray Region; the GoE deemed a TPLF attack on an ENDF base as a domestic terrorism incident and launched a military offensive in response; the TPLF asserted that its actions were self-defense in the face of planned GoE action to remove it from the provincial government; the GoE sent large elements of the ENDF into Tigray to remove the TPLF and invited militia and paramilitary forces from the states of Afar and Amara, as well as the military forces of Eritrea, to assist; TPLF military forces were known as the Tigray Defense Force (TDF) and were comprised of state paramilitary forces, local militia, and troops that defected from the ENDF; the fighting included heavy civilian and military casualties with widespread abuses reported (2023), al-Shabaab; Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC)/Qods Forcenote: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T, Ethiopia-Eritrea: Eritrea and Ethiopia agreed to abide by the 2002 Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission's (EEBC) delimitation decision, but neither party responded to the revised line detailed in the November 2006 EEBC Demarcation Statement Ethiopia-Somalia: While border clashes continue in the al-Fashqa (Fashaga) area, the US views the 1902 boundary treaty between Ethiopia and Sudan as being in force; the undemarcated former British administrative line has little meaning as a political separation to rival clans within Ethiopia's Ogaden and southern Somalia's Oromo region; Ethiopian forces invaded southern Somalia and routed Islamist courts from Mogadishu in January 2007; "Somaliland" secessionists provide port facilities in Berbera and trade ties to landlocked Ethiopia;Ethiopia-Sudan: Ethiopia's construction of a large dam (the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam) on the Blue Nile since 2011 has become a focal point of relations with Egypt and Sudan; as of 2020, four years of three-way talks between the three capitals over operating the dam and filling its reservoir had made little progress; Ethiopia began filling the dam in July 2020; civil unrest in eastern Sudan has hampered efforts to demarcate the porous boundary with Ethiopia, refugees (country of origin): 410,727 (South Sudan), 252,496 (Somalia), 163,251 (Eritrea), 48,743 (Sudan) (2023)IDPs: 2.72 million (includes conflict- and climate-induced IDPs, excluding unverified estimates from the Amhara region; border war with Eritrea from 1998-2000; ethnic clashes; and ongoing fighting between the Ethiopian military and separatist rebel groups in the Somali and Oromia regions; natural disasters; intercommunal violence; most IDPs live in Sumale state) (2022), transit hub for heroin originating in Southwest and Southeast Asia and destined for Europe, as well as cocaine destined for markets in southern Africa; cultivates qat (khat) for local use and regional export, principally to Djibouti and Somalia (legal in all three countries); the lack of a well-developed financial system limits the country's utility as a money laundering center, total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030, navy, which would reportedly be based out of Djibouti, Children under the age of 5 years underweight, School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education), International law organization participation, Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income, Household income or consumption by percentage share, Civil aircraft registration country code prefix, Military and security service personnel strengths, Military equipment inventories and acquisitions, Refugees and internally displaced persons, Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI).