But still I have something which might help you. Step 2: Once the attacker gained access to the pod, the malware was able to perform two initial actions during execution : Launch a cryptominer in order to make money or provide a distraction. file the script created. 3. After cloud-init runs a user data script on the first boot of an EC2 instance, a state file is presumably written so that cloud-init won't run the script again on subsequent reboots. To troubleshoot issues on your EC2 instance bootstrap without having to access the instance through SSH, you can add code to your user-data bash script that redirects all the output both to the /var/log/user-data.log and to /dev/console.When the code is run, you can see your user-data invocation logs in your console. Start your EC2 instance again, and validate that your script runs correctly. Run commands on your Linux instance at launch, Run commands on your Windows instance at launch. Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud - Wikipedia Follow Up: struct sockaddr storage initialization by network format-string. These things include: apt upgrade should be run on first . {AWSTemplateFormatVersion: 2010-09-09,Description: Template to Create an EC2 instance in a VPC,Parameters: {VpcId: {Type: String,Description: VPC id,Default: vpc-58c9a833},ImageId: {Type: String,Description: windows machine,Default: ami-0c4a11a8d0e503812},InstanceType: {Type: String,Description: Choosing t2 micro because it is free,Default: t2.micro},KeyName: {Description: SSH Keypair to login to the instance,Type: AWS::EC2::KeyPair::KeyName}},Resources: {DemoInstance: {Type: AWS::EC2::Instance,Properties: {ImageId: {Ref: ImageId},InstanceType: {Ref: InstanceType},KeyName: {Ref: KeyName},SecurityGroupIds: [{Ref: DemoSecurityGroup}],UserData: {Fn::Base64: {Fn::Sub: if ( Get-Service AWSXRayDaemon -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue ) {sc.exe stop AWSXRayDaemonsc.exe delete AWSXRayDaemon}, $targetLocation = C:\Program Files\Amazon\XRayif ((Test-Path $targetLocation) -eq 0) {mkdir $targetLocation}, $zipFileName = aws-xray-daemon-windows-service-3.x.zip$zipPath = $targetLocation\$zipFileName$destPath = $targetLocation\aws-xray-daemonif ((Test-Path $destPath) -eq 1) {Remove-Item -Recurse -Force $destPath}, $daemonPath = $destPath\xray.exe$daemonLogPath = $targetLocation\xray-daemon.log$url = https://s3.dualstack.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/aws-xray-assets.us-west-2/xray-daemon/aws-xray-daemon-windows-service-3.x.zip, Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $url -OutFile $zipPathAdd-Type -Assembly System.IO.Compression.Filesystem[io.compression.zipfile]::ExtractToDirectory($zipPath, $destPath), New-Service -Name AWSXRayDaemon -StartupType Automatic -BinaryPathName `$daemonPath` -f `$daemonLogPath`sc.exe start AWSXRayDaemon}}}},DemoSecurityGroup: {Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup,Properties: {VpcId: {Ref: VpcId},GroupDescription: SG to allow SSH access via port 22,SecurityGroupIngress: [{IpProtocol: tcp,FromPort: 22,ToPort: 22,CidrIp: 0.0.0.0/0},{IpProtocol: tcp,FromPort: 80,ToPort: 80,CidrIp: 0.0.0.0/0},{IpProtocol: tcp,FromPort: 443,ToPort: 443,CidrIp: 0.0.0.0/0}],Tags: [{Key: Name,Value: EC2-SG}]}}},Outputs: {DemoInstanceId: {Description: Instance Id,Value: {Ref: DemoInstance}}}}. more information, see IAM roles for Amazon EC2. Please help us improve AWS. Have a look on the script below in case you need that. I have an EC2 instance which I bootstrapped with some user data that runs some updates and installs some other software on startup. on Amazon EC2 with AWS CloudFormation in the AWS CloudFormation User Guide. How to make windows EC2 user data script run again on startup? Knowing how to use EC2 in AWS is fundamental to understanding how the cloud works because the cloud is to be able to rent computers whenever you need, on-demand, and EC2 is just that. http://cloudinit.readthedocs.org/en/latest/index.html, Combine shell scripts and cloud-init directives, Deploying applications Awesome content. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. If we go to security. How to react to a students panic attack in an oral exam? I have raised the issue to AWS support but still I couldn't find exact reason/bug which affects it. Bootstrapping means launching commands when the machine starts. The ec2-user is added to the apache group. 3. script is not run interactively, you cannot include commands that require user Save the template with .yml or .json as per the choice of template and follow below steps. You can also pass this data into the launch instance What's the best way to do this ? A limit involving the quotient of two sums, "We, who've been connected by blood to Prussia's throne and people since Dppel". How to Provide the Static IP to a Docker Container? In the example script below, the script creates and configures our web server. Unleash the Power of AWS EC2: The Future of Scalable and Flexible You dont need to SSH into your EC2 instance and run those command one by one. So this is necessary if we use the SSH utility to access our instance. traffic so that you can connect to the instance to view the output log files. then complete the instance launch procedure. Step 9. At least that's how it is in Linux, I guess on Windows it would be similar. You can specify instance user data when you launch the instance. AWS EC2 userdata on Windows - Cloud for the win! Why are Suriname, Belize, and Guinea-Bissau classified as "Small Island Developing States"? For linux, I suppose the mechanism is the same, and user_data needs to be re-activated on your custom image. Browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide. If you are unable to see the PHP information page, Visit Stack Exchange Tour Start here for quick overview the site Help Center Detailed answers. The following example is a shell script that writes "Hello World" to a testfile.txt file in a /tmp directory. rm /var/lib/cloud/instance/sem/config_scripts_user. Run a bash script after EC2 instance boots - Server Fault User data and the Tools for Windows PowerShell So, that EC2 User data script is only run once and when it first starts, and then will never be run again. Choose Actions, choose Instance Settings, and then choose Edit User Data. Why do small African island nations perform better than African continental nations, considering democracy and human development? Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. User data is limited to 16 KB, in raw form, before it is base64-encoded. To delete the existing user data, use the modify-instance-attribute For more The cloud-init user directives can be passed to an instance at launch the same way that a Note: If Stop is not activated, either the instance is already stopped, or its root device is an instance store volume. flag). Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? characters and The instance state is running. How do I run a command on a new EC2 Windows instance at launch? It can take How to Execute EC2 User Data Script using Terraform Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. About user data and how it lets you bootstrap instance, A catch regarding specifying user data correctly. EC2 is not just one service. All you need is to prefix this function before your userdata. you should modify the permissions accordingly in the script. User data is limited to 16 KB, in raw form, before it is Base64-encoded. If you wanted to compare the instance types click on Compare Instance types it shows you all the types of instances as well as how much memory they have and so on. In the navigation pane, choose Instances. Step 6. You can update your configuration to ensure that your user data scripts and cloud-init directives run every time you restart your instance. Do I need a thermal expansion tank if I already have a pressure tank? You have to use cloud_final_modules in your userdata script to re-run the userdata script and for that you have to customise uderdata to have miultiple files in userdata. Steps to Execute EC2 User Data Script using CloudFormation I hope we are clear on the script by now. The difference between the phonemes /p/ and /b/ in Japanese. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide. Is it plausible for constructed languages to be used to affect thought and control or mold people towards desired outcomes? following tasks are performed by the user data: The distribution software packages are updated. Warning: Before starting this procedure, review the following: 1. Your email address will not be published. before you test that your user data directives have completed. SCARLETEEL: Operation leveraging Terraform, Kubernetes, and AWS for By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. I have noticed that UserData scripts are not being executed. By default, cloud-init allows only one content type in user data at a time. without the #cloud-boothook it does not work, but with it, it works. Thanks for letting us know this page needs work. When I connect manually and run the python file it starts the script which is great and all, but is there a way to make sure that the script starts when the instance is booted up? Then I found this article about user data formatting user That makes sense, if user-data can come in multiple parts, maybe cloud-init needs cloud-init commands in one place and the script in the other. sudo bash /home/ubuntu/force-user-data.sh || exit 1, But here is the catch, it will execute the script on each boot so which will make your user-data to run on every single boot, just like #cloud-boothook. 2. So how much CPU? Adding these tasks at boot time adds to the amount of time it takes to boot an Step 4. the instance is already stopped or its root device is an instance store data. That is launching new non-login root shell. For more information, see If you your AMI is created from AWS AMIs, Ec2-user has full permissions including sudo. My added wrinkle is that I'm using terraform to instantiate the hosts via a launch configuration and autoscaling group. For more information, see Using instance profiles in the IAM User Guide. And in programming, when you do something for the first time, you usually say hello world. echo Run yum update -y. Lets check the web server running on our instance. > > However, you can configure your user data script and cloud-init directives with a mime multi-part file. For additional debugging information, you can I searched a lot of topic about "user-data script is not working" in these few days, but until now, I haven't gotten any idea about my case yet, please help me to figure out what happened, thanks a lot! Want to know which is the best way Navigate to EC2 instance, grab the instance public IP from instance details screen and hit the pubic IP. This URL is the public DNS address of your instance For more scripts after the instance starts. We can see our EC2 instance is running but if we dont need it, we can go to the instance state and then click on stop instance. This is what I got: I suspect that the first 'sudo su'. add the following line to your directives: This directive sends runcmd output to The security group associated with your instance is configured to allow SSH (port 22) @c24w Those timestamps are misleading. By default, user data scripts and cloud-init directives run only during the first boot cycle when an EC2 instance is launched. You can access the log files at the following locations: EC2Launch v2: C:\ProgramData\Amazon\EC2Launch\log\agent.log, EC2Launch: C:\ProgramData\Amazon\EC2-Windows\Launch\Log\UserdataExecution.log, EC2Config: C:\Program Files\Amazon\Ec2ConfigService\Logs\Ec2ConfigLog.txt. get node js installed, and at the same time install git. >> /tmp/testfile.txt with the shell script that you want to run during the instance boot. Here is how you can do that-. User data doesn't run on subsequent reboots or starts. Setting up a Node.js app on a Linux AMI on an AWS EC2 instance with Nginx | by Nishank Jain | Medium 500 Apologies, but something went wrong on our end. I started a new Amazon Linux AMI and used your User Data, plus a bit extra: User Data scripts are executed as root, so it should have permission to create files in any location. To keep data from instance store volumes, be sure to back it up to persistent storage. Staging Ground Beta 1 Recap, and Reviewers needed for Beta 2, AWS - UserData is not executed for instance created from custom image.