Late Gothic (15th-century) architecture reached its height in Germanys vaulted hall churches. Tudor arch is also having four centers. A good semi-elliptical shape arch contains five centres. 6. The unique bricks are generated, similar to the accurate shape and size of voussoirs, to give extremely fine workmanship. [41][42], China's oldest surviving stone arch bridge is the Anji Bridge, built between 595 CE and 605 CE during the Sui Dynasty; it is the oldest open-spandrel segmental arch bridge in stone. Aqueducts required a consistent, gradual slope so that the water could flow through them naturally. Regardless of the type, arches remain a powerful and timeless architectural feature that continues to inspire and influence modern-day design. The arches are classified as per the following factors, According To The Type Of Material Used For Construction, Types of Arch According To The Number Of Center. Those are stone, brick, concrete, steel (and concrete alternatives can be swapped in). Flat Arch4. A depressed arch is one that appears "squashed" down at the top from the full arched shape. A segmental arch is also known as a scheme arch.Two-centered ArchA two-centered arch is an arch that consists of two arcs with their centers on the springing line of the arch. An arch is an architectural form that controls the pressure from the weight of a building in a specific way . Equilateral Arch16. If a series of wedge-shaped blocksi.e., ones in which the upper edge is wider than the lower edgeare set flank to flank in the manner shown in the figure, the result is an arch. Most architecture styles develop, and in a lot of cases become superseded over time, as changing fashions, technology . succeed. Not dress finely so it does not give much attractive appearance. It is also known as a discharging arch. The forms, along with the "strongly expressed ribs at the vault intersections, were dominant architectural features of Gothic cathedrals. The downward load of an arch must be transmitted to its foundations. You may know about Rome's famous roads and aqueducts that crisscrossed from Britain to the Middle East. The objective of this study was to report the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, consistent with previous infection. Rounded horseshoe arch has a circular or rounded top formed by one arc with a single center. This spectacle was a massive parade, and the triumphal arch, decorated with carvings of the emperor's victory, was one of the most important pieces. Triangle elements may be equilateral or isosceles (similarly recognized as Lancet Arch). Steinhardt, Nancy Shatzman (2005), "Pleasure tower model", in Richard, Naomi Noble, Last edited on 16 December 2022, at 07:21, Medial longitudinal arch of the human foot, "Oldest arched gate in the world restored", The three-arched middle Bronze Age gate at Tel Dan - A structural investigation of an extraordinary archaeological site, "Chapter Fifteen: Roman Construction. This Jeffrey Alexander pull is available in four standard pull lengths, 12" appliance handle and coordinating ringed mushroom knob. The emperor was not truly victorious until he had passed through the arch and formally returned to Rome. In buildings, the arch allowed for the construction of domes to cover wide areas and vaulted ceilings to add height. The first attempt at the A85 bridge at Dalmally, Scotland suffered this fate, in the 1940s. The center stone at the top of the arch is called the keystone, and it is the piece that locks the arch in its shape and forces the compression of stress. C. Gauged brick arches. Being the shape of the curve that a loose span of chain or rope traces, the catenary is the structurally ideal shape for a freestanding arch of constant thickness. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. For an arch higher than head height, scaffolding would be required, so it could be combined with the arch support. 1.1 A Brief History of Roman Architecture; . A famous example is the Arc de Triomphe in Paris, France. For other uses, see. This form of the arch spread to European nations throughout the Middle Ages and continued to change through the evolution of Gothic architecture. Gothic architecture, architectural style in Europe that lasted from the mid-12th century to the 16th century, particularly a style of masonry building characterized by cavernous spaces with the expanse of walls broken up by overlaid tracery. In fact, It is one of the strongest arches because it can resistthrust. Its curved surface is responsible for creating two numbers of center points its shape is as shown in the figure. A flat arch is generally constructed for lighter loads and cannot bear heavy loads. Types of Arches in this category are as follows. One of the most culturally important forms of Roman arch is the triumphal arch, a ceremonial arch made to celebrate things like military victories or the completion of bridges. The catenary arch has a different shape from the parabolic arch. After all, they're pretty much everywhere these days, from bridges to fast food logos. Cement mortar is utilized in the construction of brick arches. which resulted in the architects being able to incorporate many different architectural styles. An arch formed with multiple rings is called a multifoil arch. This is called compressive stress, because the pressure of the weight is compressed by the shape of the arch. Stilted Arch consists of a semi-circular arch with. Arch construction depends essentially on the wedge. One answer is to build a frame (historically, of wood) which exactly follows the form of the underside of the arch. These three orders were adopted by the Romans in the 1st century BC. Brick Arches12. Arches are compressive structures, which is why there are no tensile stresses. Width of the lancet arch is narrower than the height. Stilted ArchA stilted arch is an arch that is composed of a semicircular arch resting on two vertical components at springing. In the formation of the precast concrete blocks, the 1:2:4 ratio is utilized. An ogive is a rounded, tapered end of an object. There are other types of ogee arches such as ogee three-centered arch and ogee four-centered arch. [49][50][51], In India, Bhitargaon temple (450AD) and Mahabodhi temple (7th century AD) built in by Gupta Dynasty are the earliest surviving examples of the use of voussoir arch vault system in India. While the form of arches changed throughout time, the idea of the arch still significantly affected other cultures. Sometimes it is also known as a miter arch due to its resemblance with a miter joint.Relieving ArchA relieving arch is an arch that is built above a flat arch to increase the strength of the arch. An arch is a vertical curved structure that spans through an elevated space that may or may not support the weight above it. It is widely used in Islamic architecture. In the case of relieving arch, we can replace the decayed wooden lintel easily without disturbing the stability of the structure. The strength, power, and pervasiveness of the Roman Empire can be seen in the rate and elaborate nature of their construction of hundreds of structures. Venetian arch and Tudor arch is a typical examples of this type of arches. Guastavino Tile Arch SystemGuastavino Tile Arch System is a type of Catalan arch system that uses terracotta tiles and mortar to form self supporting arches or vaulting. There is another type of rampant arch that is round rampant arch. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Lancet Arch17. Arc de Triomphe or Triumphal Arch of the Star is one of worlds most famous monuments in Paris, France. In masonry construction, arches have several great advantages over horizontal beams, or lintels. During construction of an arch, the voussoirs require support from below until the keystone has been set in place; this support usually takes the form of temporary wooden centring. Two courses of rings in header and stretcher form. from IUPUI, with emphases in Digital Curation and Archives Management. The ends of this arch should be carried sufficiently into the abutments. The stilted arch is the type of arch in which the curve starts above the impost line. All rights reserved. In round rampant arch, there is no pointed edge at the point where the two curves meet. In this arch, central point of the curve lies on the springing line of the arch. A weighted catenary arch is a unique form of a catenary arch with non-uniform thickness. In the segmental arch, the thrust is Transferred in an inclined direction to the abutment. This architectural feature compresses weight down and outwards while creating open space. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. This form and the elliptical arch had great value in bridge engineering because they permitted mutual support by a row of arches, carrying the lateral thrust to the abutments at either end of a bridge. Semi-circular arch or Roman Arch Segmental Arch A Syrian arch which is also known as a Segmental arch. Some rock balance sculptures are in the form of an arch. They used the arch to create dome roofs and vaulted ceilings for larger, stronger, and more spacious public buildings that could holds hundreds of people. It is the last stone placed during construction, and it locks all the other stones of the arch into position. [33][34][35] Therefore, the only surviving examples of architecture from the Han Dynasty (202BC 220AD) are rammed earth defensive walls and towers, ceramic roof tiles from no longer existent wooden buildings,[36][37][38] stone gate towers,[39][40] and underground brick tombs that, although featuring vaults, domes, and archways, were built with the support of the earth and were not free-standing. 7. When an emperor had been victorious in war, he commissioned a triumphal arch that all of his troops would march under to officially declare their victory to the city. The rise of the arch is greater than the radius of the arc. The Romans were proud of the arch, and they had every reason to be. This kind of arch is thus not subject to additional stress from thermal change. In most cases they did not use mortar, relying simply on the precision of their stone dressing. There are various kind of arches that differentiate according to shape, no. Roman Basilica Concept, Architecture & History | What is a Basilica? As the rise, i. e. height, of the arch decreases the outward thrust increases. Some blind arches were originally built as open arches and . This type of arch is created above the Flat arch or on a wooden lintel. Recommended Types of Arches Ankit Shukla 52.7k views 29 slides Arches Jitesh Dhule 8.9k views 16 slides dome and vault kaiwan1996 44.3k views 48 slides Arches gayathrysatheesan1 537 views 33 slides ARCHES AND ITS TYPES Mohd Waqar 42.3k views 41 slides Space frames Bnv Aditya 118.5k views 29 slides Domes Rashi Jain 11.3k views American architect Eero Saarinen designed it in 1947 in the shape of a weighted catenary arch. This system is used in such structures as arched stone bridges and ancient Roman aqueducts. These types of arches contain four centers. In the late Middle Ages the segmental arch was introduced. 5. Unlike the other two kinds of arch, the three-hinged arch is therefore statically determinate. These types of arches are established with the help of precast concrete blocks. Stone arches have two main categories, which include the following: Ashlar Arches Ashlar arches use stones with the proper shape, either tapered or wedge-shaped. Another advantage of the three-hinged arch is that the pinned bases are more easily developed than fixed ones, which allows shallow, bearing-type foundations in spans of medial length. Venetian Arch possesses 2 centers. In the gauge brick type of arch, bricks are cut to the perfect shape and size of the necessary voussoir with the help of a wire saw. Tudor arch is also having four centers. I feel like its a lifeline. Brick arches are one of the popular types of arches that are utilized in construction. The techniques included indesigningandconstructingarches have since been acquired into several otherstructural forms, containingvaults,arcades, andbridges. There can two types of trefoil arches, one with round top and another with pointed apex called round trefoil arch and pointed trefoil arch respectively. Ancient Romans used the arch to create bridges and aqueducts that let them spread their culture across Europe and the Middle East. Read More: What Is a Porch | 15 Types of Porch used for Home. [25][26][27] This architectural tradition was continued by the Sasanian Empire (224651), which built the Taq Kasra at Ctesiphon in the 6th century AD, the largest free-standing vault until modern times. Horseshoe Shape Arch. On one side support is at high level while on the other side it is lower. The shape of the arch curve looks like a semi-circle. The two-centered type of arches has simply two centers. It is also known as a Mayan arch or Maya arch. The external thrust put out by an arch at its floor must be restricted either by the weight of supporting walls or weight, by foundations, or by a contradicting tie between the two sides. Westend61 / Getty Images An umbrella term that refers to the building styles that originated in ancient Greece and Rome, classical architecture has influenced centuries of subsequent design movements throughout the world, including Neoclassical and Greek Revival architecture.Some of the most famous buildings in the modern world are based on ancient Greek and Roman designs. This type of arch is relatively costly to construct, and the bricks used in its construction must be finely dressed. Architects during this time period also adapted the original semi-circular arch into a more oval shape, which was stronger than a semi-circular arch. Each type of arch has unique characteristics and is used in specific architectural styles. Stone Arches11. Stilted Arch. The intrados of this arch is more curved than a semicircle. The Flat arch creates an equilateral triangle within Intrados as a base at an angle of 60 degrees. Roman Concrete Construction Development & Uses | How Did the Romans Make Concrete? This type of arch would eventually become an important element of Gothic architecture. In this arch, the center of the arc falls under the springing line of the arch. In 2010, a robot discovered a long arch-roofed passageway underneath the Pyramid of Quetzalcoatl, which stands in the ancient city of Teotihuacan north of Mexico City, dated to around 200AD. Basic Construction of Arches. The stone arches are subdivided into two types. The title of this arch is offered horseshoe arch because its shape is like a horseshoe that curves better than the semicircle. An arch is an architectural form that controls the pressure from the weight of a building in a specific way. Because it is subject to additional internal stress from thermal expansion and contraction, this kind of arch is considered statically indeterminate. "[13], The parabolic arch employs the principle that when weight is uniformly applied to an arch, the internal compression resulting from that weight will follow a parabolic profile. A point forms at the apex of the arch. Venetian Arch7. This may be either isosceles or equilateral. 10, no. Stone Arches Cementmortaris utilized in the construction of brick arches. Arches are self-supporting, balanced by the force of gravity conducting on their weight to carry them in compression. Since several building materials, such as concrete and masonry, can withstand compression, arches are generally constructed utilizing these types of materials. Constructed from cast-in-situ concrete, either plain or reinforced, depending upon the span and magnitude of loading. These arches are used for a small span of up to. An architecture style is a collection of external influences that shape the materiality, method of construction, and form of a building, helping it to be identified and characterized in both historical and design terms. Quicklist: Types of Arches Flat Arch Round Arch Segmental Arch Horseshoe Arch Three-Centered Arch Triangular Arch Three-Pointed Arch Parabolic Arch Inflexed Arch Rampant Arches Four-Centered Arch Keyhole Arch Ogee Arches Asian Arch Trefoil Arch Shouldered Flat (Jack) Arch Draped Arch Cinquefoil Arch Types of Pointed Arches Elliptical Arch in Roman aqueducts. A trefoil arch is also known as a three-foiled cusped arch. [10], The most common kinds of true arch are the fixed arch, the two-hinged arch, and the three-hinged arch. True arches, as opposed to corbel arches, were known by a number of civilizations in the ancient Near East including the Levant[contradictory], but their use was infrequent and mostly confined to underground structures, such as drains where the problem of lateral thrust is greatly diminished. It may also be known as a Gothic arch.Florentine ArchA Florentine arch is an arch in which intrados is semicircular in form and extrados consists of two centered pointed arch. For example, Muslim architects adapted the Roman arch into a pointed arch, especially in mosques. In conclusion, arches are a critical component in architecture and construction. Britain, Germany, and Spain produced variations of this style, while Italian Gothic stood apart in its use of brick and marble rather than stone. Unlike many other architectural arches, the ogee arch is purely ornamental. 1. Romans in the first centuries BC discovered how to use arches in the construction of bridges, aqueducts and buildings. The Roman arch is a significant element of the architecture of Rome. However, it is worthwhile mentioning that corbel arches were found in other parts of ancient Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Americas. Round Archcan be defined as anarchformed in a continuous curve that has characteristics of Roman architecture. The shape of the arch looks like a semi-circle. [10], The many forms of arch are classified into three categories: circular, pointed, and parabolic. Updates? Catenary arches have been built in the buttresses and vaults of Gothic and Renaissance architecture. Etruscan Architecture | Characteristics, Buildings & Overview, The Stavelot Triptych & the Role of the Reliquary, Roman Domestic Architecture | Style, House Layout & Development. Thrust is transferred vertically as skewback is horizontal. [16][17], Vaults are essentially "adjacent arches [that] are assembled side by side." Meanwhile, centers of the two larger arcs lie below the spring line of the arch. Intrados of this arch is lesser than a semicircle. This is generally considered for architectural provisions. Durham's cabinet pull features an appealing yet simple barrel shape that is sure to add traditional charm to your space. The one-centered type of arches has simply one special center. In the segmental arch, the thrust is carried in an inclined direction to the abutment. These types of arches contain three centers. In ancient China, most architecture was wooden, including the few known arch bridges from literature and one artistic depiction in stone-carved relief. He also earned a Certificate in Museum Studies. For keystone and skewbacks special moulds are prepared. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. The biggest sign that the Romans loved the arch, however, was a specific structure called the triumphal arch. Arches have been used for thousands of years and have been a crucial component in many architectural styles, including Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque. Center of two arcs lie above the springing line of the arch. It is commonly used in bridges, where long spans are needed.[13]. A blind arch is an arch infilled with solid construction so it cannot function as a window, door, or passageway. Material selection, proper It has curved corners with an elongated design. This is the basic type of arch used for buildings in which the Centre of the arch lies below the springing line. The arch was first used in the Mediterranean world by those in Mesopotamia, Greece, Persia, and ancient Italy. Although introduced in the 5th century, arches didn't gain prominence in the Indian architecture until 12th century after Islamic conquest. These types of spans are formulated of rubber stones that are hammered and dressed appropriately. In pointed-arch styles, where there is a central point at the top of the arch, it may be a four-centred arch or Tudor arch. Flat Arch4. According to Type of Material Used for Construction Stone Arches. So, it looks unattractive. Venetian Arch7. Arches can also be configured to produce vaults and arcades. Semi-Elliptical Arch8. Ashlar stones are typically used in constructing flat arches. Brick masonry arches have been used for hundreds of years. Of all forms of arch, the parabolic arch produces the most thrust at the base yet can span the greatest distances. However, this can result in additional stresses, and therefore the two-hinged arch is also statically indeterminate, although not as much as the fixed arch. Concrete Arches13. Pointed Shape Arch2. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. The Roman arch is the ancestor of modern architecture. The additional apical connection allows the three-hinged arch to move in two opposite directions and compensate for any expansion and contraction. Venetian arch is a typical example for four-centered arch. We're going to outline 33 different types of arches to ensure you can recognize them the next time you spot them. Stilted Arch9. The most common kinds of true arch are the fixed arch, the two-hinged arch, and the three-hinged arch. Each item is individually . The Ogee arch appears in architecture all over the world, though is quite . Sometime, a perfectly circular arch known as a. It's okay, we all do. Construction materials: The materials used in the construction of structural arches can also classify the type of arch. Types of Arches Based on Building Materials Typically, there are only four building materials used in arches throughout history, becoming stronger and more sophisticated as time progressed. [48] Barrel vaults were also used in the Late Harappan Cemetery H culture dated 1900 BC-1300 BC which formed the roof of the metal working furnace, the discovery was made by Vats in 1940 during excavation at Harappa. A semicircular arch having its extrados struck from a higher point than its intrados so that the length of the voussoirs is longer nearer the top of the arch. The other name of the pointed Shape arch is the Gothic arch. Because of the perfect shape and size of the precast concrete blocks, it will provide a very decent view. Evident in both entrances and interiors, Islamic arches are categorized into four main styles: pointed, ogee, horseshoe, and multifoil. ft. home is a 4 bed, 3.0 bath property. Semi-Circular Arch6. The shape arrives at an equilateral Arch so-called an equilateral Arch. Above the tops of these two columns, they put wedges that made up a semi-circle with a keystone in the very middle at the top. [58], Depressed Tudor arch on Layer Marney Tower in Essex, England, Blind arches on the Church of San Tirso in Sahagn, Len, Spain, Washington Square Arch, a triumphal arch in Greenwich Village, Manhattan, New York City, Delicate Arch, a natural arch in Arches National Park near Moab, Utah, A rock balance sculpture in the form of an arch, Medial longitudinal arch of the human foot (Gray's Anatomy), Restored Canaanite city gate of Ashkelon, Ashkelon, Israel (2014), Reconstructed Ishtar Gate of Babylon in the Pergamon Museum, Berlin (2014), Taq Kasra (Archway of Ctesiphon), Salman Pak, Iraq (1864), Arch of Augustus, Rimini, Emilia-Romagna, Italy (2015), Arch of Constantine, Rome, commemorating a victory by Constantine I in 312 AD (2007), The Arc de Triomphe, Paris; a 19th-century triumphal arch modelled on the classical Roman design (1998), Soldiers' and Sailors' Arch in the Grand Army Plaza, Brooklyn, New York City (2007), Gateway Arch in St. Louis, Missouri; a monument based on a catenary arch (2011), The Theme Building at Los Angeles International Airport, California, Pont Flavien over the River Touloubre in Saint-Chamas, Bouches-du-Rhne, France (2008), Old stone bridge in Kerava, Finland (2011), Bridge of Seonamsa Temple, Suncheon, South Jeolla Province, South Korea (1979), Grosvenor Bridge over the River Dee in Chester, Cheshire, England, UK (2007), Union Arch Bridge carrying the Washington Aqueduct and MacArthur Boulevard (formerly named Conduit Road) in Cabin John, Montgomery County, Maryland (2008), Anji Bridge over the Xiaohe River, Hebei Province, China (2007), The dry stone bridge, so called Porta Rosa (4th century BC), in Elea, Province of Salerno, Campania, Italy (2005), Pont du Gard, a Roman aqueduct in Vers-Pont-du-Gard, Gard, France (2014), Bridge in esk Krumlov, Czech Republic (2004), Rialto Bridge over the Grand Canal in Venice, Italy (2011), Pont de Bercy over the River Seine, Paris, carrying the Paris Mtro on its upper deck and a boulevard extension on its lower deck (2006), Arlington Memorial Bridge over the Potomac River in Washington, D.C. (2007), Francis Scott Key Bridge over the Potomac River in Washington, D.C. (2006), Woodrow Wilson Memorial Bridge carrying Interstate 95 (I-95) and the Capital Beltway over the Potomac River between Alexandria, Virginia and Oxon Hill, Maryland (2007), Arrbida Bridge over the Douro River connecting Porto, and Vila Nova de Gaia, in the Norte Region, Portugal (2011), Rainbow Bridge over the Niagara River connecting Niagara Falls, New York and Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada (2012), Tyne Bridge over the River Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK (2004), Hell Gate Bridge over the East River, New York City, Sydney Harbour Bridge, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (2010), Ludendorff Bridge over the Rhine River, Remagen, Germany, showing damage before collapse during the Battle of Remagen in World War II (1945), Lianxiang bridge over the Xiang River, Xiangtan, Hunan Province, China (2007), Zhivopisny Bridge over the Moskva River, Moscow, Russia (2009), Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge over the Trinity River in Dallas, Texas (2012), Juscelino Kubitschek Bridge crossing Parano Lake, Braslia, Brazil (2007), Gateshead Millennium Bridge over the River Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK (2005), Arch supporting the Eiffel Tower, Paris (2015), The second Wembley Stadium in London, built in 2007 (2007), The first San Mams Stadium, in Bilbao, arch built in 1953, demolished 2013 (2013), St Pancras railway station, London (2011), Train shed in St Pancras railway station, London (2010), Train shed in Victoria Station, London (2006), Lucerne railway station, Switzerland (2010), Central railway station, Frankfurt, Germany (2008), Train shed in Central railway station, Frankfurt, Germany (2005), Arches in Main Concourse, Grand Central Terminal, Manhattan, New York City (2014), Interior arches in Washington Union Station, Washington, D.C. (2006), Arches in Great Hall, Chicago Union Station, Chicago, Illinois (2010), Haus der Kulturen der Welt, Berlin, Germany (2011), Stonework arches seen in a ruined stonework building Burg Lippspringe, Germany (2005), Arches in the Casa-Museo del Libertador Simn Bolvar in Havana, Cuba (2006)[59], Arches in dining hall at Kings College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England (2007), Arches inside Annenberg Hall, Memorial Hall, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (2016), Healy Hall, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. (2009), Arches in throne room of Neuschwanstein Castle, Bavaria, Germany (1886 photochrom print), Arches in the Court of the Lions, Alhambra, Granada, Andalusia, Spain (2012), External arches in the Court of the Myrtles, Alhambra, Granada, Andalusia, Spain (2009), Arches inside the North Gallery, Court of the Myrtles, Alhambra, Granada, Andalusia, Spain (2010), Arches in the nave of the church in monastery of Alcobaa, Portugal (2008), North facade of Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, France (2008), Arches in choir of Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, France (2013), Arches in nave of Westminster Abbey, City of Westminster, London (2006), Arches inside the Washington National Cathedral, Washington, D.C. (2005), Interior arches in St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican City (2009), Arches inside the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, Turkey (1983), Arches inside the western upper gallery, Hagia Sophia, Istanbul, Turkey (2007), Interior arches in the Masjid al-Haram, Mecca, Saudi Arabia (2008), Roof of Masjid al-Haram, Mecca, Saudi Arabia (2008), Dome of the Rock, Old City of Jerusalem (2010), Arches inside the Dome of the Rock, Old City of Jerusalem (2014), Arches in the Shahi Mosque, Chitral, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan (2016), Taj Mahal in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India (2009), The Great Gate (Darwaza-i-rauza): Entrance to grounds of Taj Mahal, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India (2004), Arches inside the Taj Majal, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India, Arches in Main Reading Room, Thomas Jefferson Building, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (2009), Arches in Great Hall, Thomas Jefferson Building, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (2007), Art Deco arches on Chrysler Building, Manhattan, New York City (2005), New York Public Library Main Branch, Manhattan, New York City (2016), Arches inside the entrance of New York Public Library Main Branch, Manhattan, New York City (2012), Arches in Great Hall, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Manhattan, New York City (2012), Arches in Sculpture Gallery, West Building, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. (2007), Arches inside the Legion of Honor, Lincoln Park, San Francisco, California (2010), Arches near the Jordan Staircase, Winter Palace, Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia (2015), Arches in Pavilion Hall, Small Hermitage, Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia (2015), Arches in Salle du Mange, Louvre Palace, Paris (2007), Arches in Galerie des Batailles, Palace of Versailles, Versailles, Yvelines, France (2013), Arches in Hall of Mirrors, Palace of Versailles, Versailles, Yvelines, France (2011), Arches in Westminster Hall, Palace of Westminster, City of Westminster, London (2011), Arches in St. Stevens Hall, Palace of Westminster, City of Westminster, London (2007), Horseshoe arch inside the Aljafera Palace, Zaragoza, Spain (2004), Multifoil arches inside the Aljafera Palace, Zaragoza, Spain (2004), Catenary arches inside the Casa Mil in Barcelona, Spain by Antoni Gaud (2010}, Rajasthani style arches inside the 16th-century City Palace, Udaipur, India (2013), Main faade of the Itamaraty Palace in Braslia, Brazil, decorated with many arches (2005), Arches inside the National Building Museum (formerly Pension Building), Washington, D.C. (2007), Front entrance of the Old Post Office Building in Washington, D.C. (2006), Arches inside the Old Post Office Building in Washington, D.C. (2009), Bankstown Reservoir, Bankstown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (2018), Crypt of the Popes in the Catacomb of Callixtus, Rome (2007), Chinese Eastern Han Dynasty (25220 AD) tomb chamber, Luoyang (2008), Entrance to Washington family tomb at Mount Vernon, Fairfax County, Virginia (2014), Natural Bridge in Rockbridge County, Virginia (2014), Jiangzhou Natural Bridge, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China (2012), Landscape Arch, Arches National Park, Utah (2016), Double O Arch, Arches National Park, Utah (2007), Aloba Arch, Ennedi-Est Region, Chad (2015), Shipton's Arch, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China (2011), Darwin's Arch, Galpagos Archipelago, Pacific Ocean (2006), Shah Abbas Arch Dam (Tagh E Shah Abbas), Tabas County, South Khorasan Province, Iran (2011), Hoover Dam in the Black Canyon of the Colorado River, Clark County, Nevada and Mohave County, Arizona (2017), El Atazar Dam on the Lozoya River near Madrid, Spain (2014), This article is about the architectural construct.